Latest by Jonathan Cary
Access all areas? Privilege, the loss of confidentiality and a missed opportunity
Privilege is not necessarily lost when an opposing party has had access to that privileged material. The purpose and context of the access will lie at the heart of the court's decision in the event that a claim to privilege is disputed: ConocoPhillips Co v Chrysaor E&P Ltd [2021](1).
Read moreParental Guidance from the Supreme Court: When may a UK domiciled parent company owe a duty of care to individuals affected by the acts of its foreign subsidiary?
We discuss a significant Supreme Court decision on parent company liability under English law, Okpabi and others v Royal Dutch Shell Plc and Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Ltd. This decision on jurisdiction provides helpful guidance on the circumstances in which a UK domiciled parent company may owe a common law duty of care in respect of the actions of a foreign subsidiary company.
Read moreFreezing orders: risk of dissipation? Get real
The High Court has issued an important reminder of the need for solid evidence of a real risk that the respondent will take steps to dissipate their assets to frustrate a judgment in applications to continue a worldwide freezing order (WFO). Evidence of dishonesty alone is not enough, and conduct falling short of dishonesty is less likely to suffice. Evidence of untrustworthiness, or even dishonesty, does not amount to sufficiently robust evidence of a real risk of dissipation to continue a worldwide freezing order.
Read moreFreezing orders: when will past conduct show a real risk of dissipation?
In Lakatamia Shipping Company Limited v Morimoto, the Court of Appeal overturned a decision to discharge a worldwide freezing order. This case provides helpful guidance as to when a respondent's prior conduct may support a finding that a real risk of dissipation exists. WFO; Dissipation; Su.
Read moreIn house lawyer prevented from relying on a leaked email and an overhead conversation
Mr Curless was a senior legal counsel at Shell International Limited (Shell) from January 1990 until he was made redundant in January 2017. He suffers from Type 2 diabetes and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea. He brought a claim against Shell for disability discrimination, victimisation and unfair dismissal.
Read moreEconomic duress: when is a threat not an (illegitimate) threat?
In what circumstances can a threat not to enter into a contract amount to economic duress? Broadly speaking, when pressure is exerted "in bad faith", according to the Court of Appeal in Times Travel (UK) Limited v Pakistan International Airlines Corporation
Read more"Agency" is not always enough to engage the law of bribery and secret commissions
The Court of Appeal has held that the payment by a seller of a fee to an acquisition agent without the buyer's knowledge does not render the contract for sale void or voidable. The decision turned on whether there was sufficient trust and confidence in the relationship between the buyer and the acquisition agent. Prince Arthur Ikpechukwu Eze v Conway and another [2019] EWCA Civ 88
Read moreDrafting a contract? Beware the well-intentioned but unenforceable agreement to agree
"Such period as shall reasonably be agreed between (the parties)" is an agreement to agree and therefore unenforceable according to the Court of Appeal in Philip Morris v Swanton Care & Community Limited.
Read moreOn the seventh day of Christmas, the High Court gave to me…seven fraudsters fleeing
A Home Office report in July 2018 found that in 2015/16 there were 3.6m incidents of fraud with an immediate cost of £3.04bn and 2m incidents of cybercrime with an immediate cost of £526m. It seems improbable that the number or value of those incidents has declined since then, and certainly fraud of all types has had a busy 12 months in the English courts.
Read moreFive ways the civil courts are fighting back against cybercrime
Service by text and data room, worldwide freezing orders against persons unknown, self-identification orders and hearings on paper and in private are ways the court is dealing with cyber-crime. Here are five ways that the courts are addressing the imbalance that exists between victims and criminals who seek to hide behind a veil of anonymity in this digital age.
Read moreSection 1782 order allowed
The Commercial Court recently discharged an injunction restraining the enforcement of a US court order made under Section 1782 of Title 28 of the US Code (Assistance to foreign and international tribunals and to litigants before such tribunals). Section 1782 applications can be a useful weapon in an English litigator's armoury as a means of obtaining evidence under the control of a US-based entity through US-style discovery, including by the use of depositions and documentary evidence.
Read moreBreaking news – a victory for privilege
Today the Court of Appeal handed down its eagerly anticipated judgment in the appeal of Andrews J's controversial High Court decision in Serious Fraud Office v Eurasian Natural Resources Corporation.
Read moreThe High Court confirms the availability of Bankers Trust orders to trustee Claimants seeking to recover misappropriated assets
The decision of the High Court in Miles Smith Broking Limited –v– Barclays Bank PLC has confirmed for the first time the availability of the commonly encountered Bankers Trust order to trustee Claimants of stolen/misappropriated property, highlighting the flexibility of the Court's equitable jurisdiction when presented with new situations. The decision also serves as a neat illustration of the Court's willingness to grant Norwich Pharmacal relief to facilitate the recovery of unlawfully dissipated assets and the types of complimentary interim remedies available to Claimants for that purpose.
Read moreCourt of Appeal holds that a facility agreement based on the LMA model form does not constitute lenders' standard terms for UCTA: But never say never…
The Court of Appeal has upheld a decision that a facility agreement based on the LMA model form did not constitute the lenders' standard terms for the purposes of UCTA. Had UCTA applied, the terms of the facility agreement would have been subject to a reasonableness test.
Read moreService by Email – Lessons from Glencore Agriculture B.V. v Conqueror Holdings Limited [2017] EWHC 2893
The English High Court has found that service by email of arbitration proceedings was not valid under section 76 of the Arbitration Act 1996 on the basis that the correspondence had been directed to the email address of an employee who did not have the authority to accept service. The judge found that in circumstances where service is by way of an individual email address, validity of service depends on the application of agency principles.
Read moreClaimant investors establish advisory duty against bank
In the most recent so-called 'mis-selling' case in Hong Kong, three claimant investors succeeded in establishing that a bank owed them a contractual duty to exercise reasonable care and skill with regard to their portfolio of investments held with the bank.
Read more"Mis-selling" claim fails on appeal in Hong Kong
Hong Kong Court of Appeal confirms challenges in bringing mis-selling claims against banks and financial intermediaries.
Read moreDisputes over bank's contractual right to freeze customer's account
As banks tighten-up their standard terms concerning due diligence on customers and their transactions, it is inevitable that disputes will arise and that some will make their way to court.
Read morePrivilege - the Hong Kong courts giveth back what the English Courts hath swept away in Three Rivers
Introducing a healthy dose of common sense, the Hong Kong courts have rejected the English Court of Appeal's restrictive approach to legal advice privilege in Three Rivers (No5) and adopted a broader and more practical "dominant purpose" test.
Read moreStill no joy for investors' mis-selling claims
In the latest alleged mis-selling case in Hong Kong, the Court of First Instance maintained a consistent approach with other recent cases, rejecting an investor's claim based on misrepresentation and suggesting that the principle of contractual estoppel is alive and well.(1)
Read moreMarketing to professional investors – the Court of Final Appeal's verdict
In Securities and Futures Commission v Pacific Sun Advisors Ltd, the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal recently ruled that the advertisement of a collective investment scheme intended to be disposed of only to professional investors ...
Read moreNon-exclusive jurisdiction clauses in cross-border agreements
Hong Kong courts adopt robust approach to uphold parties' contractual bargain as to their choice of forum
Read moreSFC provides further guidance on Corporate Professional Investor Regime
As noted in my blog dated 3 October 2014 concerning the SFC's conclusions on professional investors and client agreements (link), the SFC is looking to enhance the protection afforded to professional investors who are not institutional investors.
Read moreDefend and submit: Challenging the jurisdiction of the Court
A defendant who wishes to challenge the civil jurisdiction of a Hong Kong court should not file and serve a defence pending the outcome of the challenge.
Read moreMarket Misconduct Tribunal gives Tiger Asia the "cold shoulder"
Hong Kong's Market Misconduct Tribunal (the MMT) has banned Tiger Asia Management LLC (a hedge fund based in New York) and one of its principal officers from dealing in Hong Kong securities for four (of a maximum five) years.
Read moreLeveling the playing field - SFC conclusions on professional investor regime and client agreements
Despite the ongoing political noise coming out of Hong Kong, commercial life and the operation of the financial markets continue unabated.
Read moreRMB exchange rate causing distress: Recent depreciation risks significant losses under exotic currency derivatives
The renminbi (RMB) appreciation over the last several years appears to have halted for now (at least in the short-term), which has taken much of the market by surprise.
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